NASA Restores a Spacecraft by Turning it Off and Then On Again

When faced with a potentially mission-ending problem with NASA’s 15-year-old Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft, engineers performed a time-honored procedure to fix it: they turned it of and then turned it back on again.

Success! IBEX is now fully operational again.

Actually, they told the spacecraft to turn itself off – which unlike the famous HAL in “2001: A Space Odyssey,”– IBEX obeyed the command and then turned itself back on again.

On February 18, IBEX experienced an anomaly and the flight computer reset itself during a planned contact with Earth. But something didn’t work right and IBEX put itself into a “contingency mode.”

NASA said that while fight computer resets have happened before, this time the team lost the ability to command the spacecraft during the subsequent reset recovery. The team also was unsuccessful in regaining command capability by resetting ground systems hardware and software.

All other systems appeared to be functional, but no commands were being processed, essentially making the spacecraft not operational.

Artist impression of IBEX (NASA)

Of course, in space there’s a more ‘official’ term for the ‘turn off, turn on again’ power cycle reboot that we’ve all done with a finicky computer. It’s called a firecode reset, which is an external reset of the spacecraft. This was done on March 2, and done pre-emptively instead of waiting for the spacecraft to perform an autonomous reset and power cycle, which was scheduled for March 4. Engineers decided to take advantage of a favorable communications environment around IBEX’s perigee – the point in the spacecraft’s orbit where it is closest to Earth.

The command worked, and IBEX is fully operational and functioning normally again.

IBEX has been operating nearly flawlessly since it launched in October 2008, IBEX, tasked with mapping the boundary where winds from the Sun interact with winds from other stars. IBEX is a really small spacecraft, about the size of a bus tire. It’s observing the solar system boundary while in orbit around Earth.

This image illustrates one possible explanation for the bright ribbon of emission seen in the IBEX map. The galactic magnetic field shapes the heliosphere as it drapes over it. The ribbon appears to trace the area where the magnetic field is most parallel to the surface of the heliosphere (the heliopause). Credit: Southwest Research institute

It has “telescopes” that look out toward the edge of the solar system, but these telescopes collect particles instead of light. From IBEX, we have the first all-sky map of the heliosphere, which revealed a surprise: the maps are bisected by a bright, winding ribbon of unknown origin. Scientists are still working with IBEX data to understand this phenomenon.

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