Friday, January 9, 2026

Is the Universe Made of Math? Part 1: The Unreasonable Tool

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Imagine you walk into a parking lot full of cars. You have in your pocket one single key. It’s the key to your car. The same key you’ve always used, the same key you’ve always trusted, the same key that you always manage to realize that you’ve lost right when you’re rushing out the door.



The Milky Way’s Black Hole Is Quiet Now, But Its Recent Past Was Far More Active

This image shows the region around the Milky Way's galactic center, with the SMBH Sagittarius A star and several gas clouds labelled. Astronomers observed the gas cloud G0.11-0.11 in greater detail than ever, and its x-ray emissions show that Sagittarius A star was very active in the recent past. Image Credit: Mori et al. 2015

The supermassive black hole in the Milky Way's galactic center, Sagittarius A-star, is known for being quiet and dim. But that wasn't always the case. The powerful XRISM x-ray telescope shows that it flared brightly at least once in the very recent past.



Does Free Will Exist? Part 4: An Emergent Universe

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But we’re not going for one thing or another, are we? We’re here to explore ideas – that’s most of the fun anyway. And there’s one more aspect of physics that takes part in the free will discussion, and that’s the concept of emergence.



Thursday, January 8, 2026

To Keep Water Liquid, the Red Planet Needed to Freeze

Artist's depiction of an ancient extant lake in Gale Crater. Credit - NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Mars has a curious past. Rovers have shown unequivocal evidence that liquid water existed on its surface, for probably at least 100 years. But climate models haven’t come up with how exactly that happened with what we currently understand about what the Martian climate was like back then. A new paper, published in the journal AGU Advances by Eleanor Moreland, a graduate student at Rice University, and her co-authors, has a potential explanation for what might have happened - liquid lakes on the Red Planet would have hid under small, seasonal ice sheets similar to the way they do in Antarctica on Earth.



Wednesday, January 7, 2026

Does Free Will Exist? Part 2: The Chaotic Universe

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All of physics rests on causal determinism. It’s like…how we do physics. It IS physics.



Europa May Be Lifeless and Unihabitable After All

NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this image of Europa, the smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons. Though its an important moon in the search for habitability, new research says it's not likely to have the necessary conditions for life. Image Credit: By NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill - File:Europa - Perijove 45 (53255790801).png, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/53255790801, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=154053125

New research shows that Jupiter's moon Europa, one of the prime targets in the search for life, may not have the conditions required after all. The research shows that the moon lacks the type of active seafloor faulting needed to create habitability. Deep sea vents created by the faulting introduce nutrients into the water that organisms use to harness energy, and without those nutrients, the moon's subsurface ocean is likely dead.



X-Ray Spectra Could Help Reveal Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters

The X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) studies the hot, energetic universe by capturing X-rays to reveal details about galaxy clusters, black holes, supernova remnants and the formation of cosmic structures. Credit: NASA

A study published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters demonstrates that decaying dark matter (DDM) can potentially be detected in unidentified X-ray emission lines in the spectra of galaxy clusters.