Wednesday, October 8, 2025

The Most Metal-Free Star Ever Observed is Found In Our Own Backyard

Illustration showing the fraction of elements for a first-generation star vs the Sun. First-generation stars are almost entirely hydrogen and helium, while the Sun also contains heavier elements astronomers call metals. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI

Astronomers find a nearly metal-free star in our own back yard, which tells us a few interesting things about early star formation.



Open Source Mega-Constellations Could Solve Overcrowding

Diagram of ohow the OSSMC would work. Credit - Science China Press

Duplicating expensive resources is expensive and wasteful, and most people would agree it's unnecessary. However, the planned increase in major satellite constellations is currently causing a massive duplication of resources as individual companies and even countries try to set up their own infrastructure in space. What’s more, there is a relatively limited amount of space in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), where many of these satellites are supposed to go - any more than that and a single collision could cause Kessler Syndrome, where many of the ones already in orbit would be destroyed and we wouldn’t be able to launch any more for a long time. A new paper from researchers at the National University of Defense Technology in China suggests an alternative to these multiple megaconstellations - a single, modular system similar to how cloud computing works on the current internet.



Tuesday, October 7, 2025

Tianwen-2 Probe Takes a Selfie with Earth to Mark China's National Day

Tianwen-2 probe image showing the spacecraft orbiting Earth. Credit: CNSA/CGTN

The China National Space Administration on Wednesday released a breathtaking image captured by the Tianwen-2 probe, showing the spacecraft and Earth framed together in a "celestial selfie."



Comet A6 Lemmon's Encore October Evening Show

Comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon from October 4th. Image credit: Gianni Lacroce.

October 2025 may provide a memorable sky scene, as Comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon puts on an encore appearance at dusk. The comet joins Comet R2 SWAN, which slides 0.26 Astronomical Units (AU) past Earth on October 20th. Both are currently fine objects for binoculars or a small telescope, vying for top spot at magnitude +6.



An Ultra-Fast Outflow Causes Scientists To Lower Mass Estimates Of The Brighest Quasar In the Universe

Artist's depiction of a quasar with a superfast outflow. Credit - NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/M. Zamani

Peering back into the early years of the universe requires scientists to make a lot of assumptions. But sometimes, we get better instruments that then allow them to either confirm or replace those assumptions. That happened recently when it came to our study of J0529, a supermassive black hole that is currently the brightest known quasar in the universe. A new paper from a massive team of researchers used the GRAVITY+ instrument on the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO’s) Very Large Telescope (VLT) Interferometer to map this unique object’s Broad Line Region (BLR), and thereby calculated a new, updated mass that is 10 times smaller than previous estimates.



Monday, October 6, 2025

Check Out These Gravitational Lenses Imaged by Webb During its First Run

A collage of eight Webb images of gravitational lensing, each showing various distorted galaxies in the center of each frame. Credit: ESA/NASA/CSA

This ESA/Webb Picture of the Month shows eight stunning examples of gravitational lensing. Gravitational lensing, which was first predicted by Einstein, occurs because massive objects like galaxies and clusters of galaxies dramatically warp the fabric of spacetime. When a massive foreground object lines up just so with a background galaxy, the light from the background galaxy bends as it navigates the warped spacetime on its way to our telescopes.



Black Holes Have No Hair, But They Do Have Comb Overs

Three polarized light images of M87* from 2017, 2018, and 2021. The images differ, showing how the black hole is changing over time.

Black have no hair, but the material surrounding them does, and the two can interact in unusual ways. As observations from the Event Horizon Telescope show, the magnetic fields surrounding a black hole can change extremely fast.